Evaluating the benefits of combined and continuous Fog-to-Cloud architectures

The need to extend the features of Cloud computing to the edge of the network has fueled the development of new computing architectures, such as Fog computing. When put together, the combined and continuous use of fog and cloud computing, lays the foundation for a new and highly heterogeneous computing ecosystem, making the most out of both, cloud and fog. Incipient research efforts are devoted to propose a management architecture to properly manage such combination of resources, such as the reference architecture proposed by the OpenFog Consortium or the recent Fog-to-Cloud (F2C). In this paper, we pay attention to such a combined ecosystem and particularly evaluate the potential benefits of F2C in dynamic scenarios, considering computing resources mobility and different traffic patterns. By means of extensive simulations we specifically study the aspects of service response time, network bandwidth occupancy, power consumption and service disruption probability. The results indicate that a combined fog-to-cloud architecture brings significant performance benefits in comparison with the traditional standalone Cloud, e.g., over 50% reduction in terms of power consumption.Preprin

Is Machine Learning Suitable for Solving RWA Problems in Optical Networks?

We show that classical supervised Machine Learning techniques, after trained with a large number of optimal RWA configurations solved via ILP, can rapidly procure the most appropriate RWA configuration to be applied for a new traffic matrix

Cultura de la legalidad y participación ciudadana

En las últimas décadas se ha percibido un notorio aumento de la violencia en nuestro país, ya sea individual o de la delincuencia organizada; sin embargo, fue a partir de la declaración de guerra por parte del ahora ex presidente Felipe Calderón al narcotráfico cuando se disparó la violencia a niveles insospechados. Según datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (inegi), desde entonces México ha figurado en el ámbito internacional como uno de los países más violentos. Con base en lo anterior, el presente estudio identifica al conocimiento de las leyes y al respeto a la legalidad y la transparencia como factores que integran la cultura de la legalidad, además de considerar a la corrupción como un factor que inhibe dicha cultura. Los objetivos de esta investigación son determinar el nivel de importancia que le dan los ciudadanos al conocimiento de la ley y sus derechos, al respeto de la legalidad y a la transparencia, además de observar su posición frente a la corrupción en México, en el estado y en el municipio de Monterrey, Nuevo León. Por otra parte, los resultados más relevantes tienden a mostrar que los ciudadanos consideran que el conocimiento de la ley y sus derechos es muy importante; además, reportan que ellos en lo particular sí respetan la ley, pero en cambio, consideran que las leyes no se respetan en México; en cuanto a la transparencia, manifiestan que en ninguno de los tres niveles de gobierno se toman las decisiones de manera transparente; finalmente, creen que los niveles de corrupción en el país, y en su municipio en lo particular, son muy altos

Los jóvenes ciudadanos y su participación política

La presente investigación tiene como objeto de estudio a la participación política de los jóvenes ciudadanos en el Área Metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León, en el escenario poselectoral 2015. Para llevarla a cabo se aplicó una encuesta de opinión donde el trabajo de campo se realizó con el financiamiento del Programa para el Desarrollo Profesional Docente, para el tipo superior (Prodep) y el Programa de Apoyo a la Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (Paicyt-UANL). Para el estudio la participación política de los jóvenes es un elemento indispensable para el desarrollo democrático del estado. En este sentido, se buscó determinar el grado de participación política (electoral, convencional y no convencional) y el nivel explicativo que tienen sobre ella factores como la atención a noticias y programas de política y el interés en la política desde una perspectiva sistémica. En lo que corresponde a los resultados más relevantes se encontró que los niveles en general de participación política convencional y no convencional son bajos, además se detectó que la atención a noticias y programas de política sí tienen un nivel explicativo relevante sobre el interés en la política; a su vez, este interés se ve reflejado en el aumento de la participación política de los jóvenes

Demonstration of latency-aware 5G network slicing on optical metro networks

The H2020 METRO-HAUL European project has architected a latency-aware, cost-effective, agile, and programmable optical metro network. This includes the design of semi-disaggregated metro nodes with compute and storage capabilities, which interface effectively with both 5G access and multi-Tbit/s elastic optical networks in the core. In this paper, we report the automated deployment of 5G services, in particular, a public safety video surveillance use case employing low-latency object detection and tracking using on-camera and on-the-edge analytics. The demonstration features flexible deployment of network slice instances, implemented in terms of ETSI NFV Network Services. We summarize the key findings in a detailed analysis of end-to-end quality of service, service setup time, and soft-failure detection time. The results show that the round-trip-time over an 80 km link is under 800 µs and the service deployment time under 180 seconds.Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (761727); Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (16KIS0979K).Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 25 autors/es: B. Shariati, Fraunhofer HHI, Berlin, Germany / L. Velasco, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain / J.-J. Pedreno-Manresa, ADVA, Munich, Germany / A. Dochhan, ADVA, Munich, Germany / R. Casellas, Centre Tecnològic Telecomunicacions Catalunya, Castelldefels, Spain / A. Muqaddas, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK / O. Gonzalez de Dios, Telefónica, Madrid, Spain / L. Luque Canto, Telefónica, Madrid, Spain / B. Lent, Qognify GmbH, Bruchsal, Germany / J. E. Lopez de Vergara, Naudit HPCN, Madrid, Spain / S. Lopez-Buedo, Naudit HPCN, Madrid, Spain / F. Moreno, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain / P. Pavon, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain / M. Ruiz, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain / S. K. Patri, ADVA, Munich, Germany / A. Giorgetti, CNIT, Pisa, Italy / F. Cugini, CNIT, Pisa, Italy / A. Sgambelluri, CNIT, Pisa, Italy / R. Nejabati, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK / D. Simeonidou, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK / R.-P. Braun, Deutsche Telekom, Germany / A. Autenrieth, ADVA, Munich, Germany / J.-P. Elbers, ADVA, Munich, Germany / J. K. Fischer, Fraunhofer HHI, Berlin, Germany / R. Freund, Fraunhofer HHI, Berlin, GermanyPostprint (author's final draft

Aspergillus fumigatus Fumagillin Contributes to Host Cell Damage

The activity of fumagillin, a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus fumigatus, has not been studied in depth. In this study, we used a commercial fumagillin on cultures of two cell types (A549 pneumocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages). This toxin joins its target, MetAP2 protein, inside cells and, as a result, significantly reduces the electron chain activity, the migration, and the proliferation ability on the A549 cells, or affects the viability and proliferation ability of the RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, the toxin stimulates the germination and double branch hypha production of fungal cultures, pointing out an intrinsic resistant mechanism to fumagillin of fungal strains. In this study, we also used a fumagillin non-producer A. fumigatus strain (∆fmaA) as well as its complemented strain (∆fmaA::fmaA) and we tested the fumagillin secretion of the fungal strains using an Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) method. Furthermore, fumagillin seems to protect the fungus against phagocytosis in vitro, and during in vivo studies using infection of immunosuppressed mice, a lower fungal burden in the lungs of mice infected with the ∆fmaA mutant was demonstrated.This research was funded by the Basque Government: grant number IT1362-19. X.G. and S.C.-S. received a Ph.D. fellowship from the Basque Government; and U.P.-C. from the University of the Basque Country

Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates.

Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)-even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth's surface